SM2BAT+：聲學指標、人類噪聲、生物聲學、生物鳴聲、蟬鳴、聚類分析、數據降維、蝙蝠活動比較：人工管理的中部硬木林中的活動差異
Abstract
Bats exploit forest resources based on species-specific adaptations, resulting in differences in activity across forested landscapes. Forest management practices alter forests, impacting species differently and presumably affecting bat activity. Application of forest management that promotes species-specific bat conservation requires further understanding of bat response to silvicultural practices. We surveyed timber harvest treatments on two Indiana State Forests to compare bat activity across forest management treatments, in forests adjacent to harvests, and at locations across the harvest-forest gradient from May to July in 2013 and 2014. We used Wildlife Acoustics Song Meter SM2BATt detectors and Kaleidoscope Pro analysis software to survey bats in relation to four treatment types: clear cut, patch cut, shelterwood preparatory cut, and intact forest. Detectors were deployed at two points within each treatment and three points on the forested periphery of treatments and recorded for three consecutive nights. We examined bat activity using N-mixture models that estimate abundance and probability of detection for an open population and used Akaike’s Information Criterion to select the best models. Based on identification of acoustic calls, eastern red bats and hoary bats were more active in harvest treatments than control treatments. Big brown, eastern red, and tri-colored bats were most active at harvest edges. Northern long-eared and Indiana/little brown bats were most active at harvest edges and in adjacent forest and hoary bats were most active at harvest centers. Differences in bat activity across these managed forests suggest bat assemblages benefit from management that employs an array of silvicultural methods, provides edge habitat, and maintains adjacent forest stands. Our results can be used to predict effects of forest management practices on species-specific bat activity to maximize bat usage of forests.
摘要：
蝙蝠基于特定物種的適應性來開發森林資源，導致森林景觀中的活動存在差異。森林管理實踐改變了森林，對物種的影響不同，可能還會影響蝙蝠的活動。應用促進特定物種蝙蝠保護的森林管理需要進一步了解蝙蝠對造林實踐的反應。2013年和2014年5月至7月，我們調查了印第安納州兩個森林的木材采伐處理，以比較不同森林管理處理、采伐附近森林和采伐森林梯度上的蝙蝠活動。我們使用Wildlife Acoustics Song Meter SM2BAT-探測器和Kaleidoscope Pro分析軟件對蝙蝠進行了四種處理類型的調查：皆伐、斑伐、防護林預備采伐和完整森林。在每個處理區內的兩個點和處理區周圍森林覆蓋的三個點部署了探測器，并連續記錄了三個晚上。我們使用估計開放種群豐度和檢測概率的N-混合模型來檢查蝙蝠活動，并使用Akaike的信息標準來選擇最佳模型。根據對聲音叫聲的識別，東部紅蝙蝠和白蝙蝠在收獲處理中比對照處理更活躍。棕色、東紅色和三色蝙蝠在收獲邊緣最為活躍。北部長耳蝙蝠和印第安那州/小棕蝙蝠在收獲邊緣和鄰近森林最為活躍，而灰蝙蝠在收獲中心最為活躍。這些管理森林中蝙蝠活動的差異表明，蝙蝠群落受益于采用一系列造林方法、提供邊緣棲息地和維護鄰近林分的管理。我們的研究結果可用于預測森林管理實踐對特定物種蝙蝠活動的影響，以最大限度地利用森林中的蝙蝠。
關鍵詞：SM2BAT+ 蝙蝠聲學記錄儀，Wildlife Acoustics，野生動物聲學記錄，野生動物監測
