Songscape聲學軟件在鳥類聲景與認知景觀中的應用
Abstract
The soundscape is proposed as a phe nomenological entity with which to investigate environmental complexity. In particular, the avian soundtope, which is defined as a place in which sound is intentionally structured by different bird species, is regarded as an agency acting to achieve several goals. In fact, the soundtope could be viewed as a special case of an eco-field used by birds, not only to establish territorial ownership and patrol an area but also as a means of locating and evaluating the availability of many other material and immaterial resources. The meaning of the multifaceted acoustic pattern produced by bird communities during the breeding season is discussed here under the acoustic niche hypothesis in terms of community coalescence and the permanent establishment of an inter-specific communication network. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal dimensions of a bird soundscape have also been analyzed and discussed in terms of their relationship with environmental proxies. A new Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), coupled with the implementation (ACI plug-in) of a specific sound editor (WaveSurfer ), is proposed as a way of processing sound data efficiently, thus providing new opportunities to use the bird soundscape signature for landscape characterization and describing the eco logical dynamics of long-term monitoring schemes.
摘要：
聲景被提議為一種現象學實體，用以探究環境復雜性。具體而言，鳥類聲景（即不同鳥類有意構建聲音的空間）被視為一種能實現多重目標的媒介。事實上，聲景可視作鳥類利用的生態場特殊形態，不僅用于確立領地所有權和巡邏區域，更是一種定位并評估其他物質與非物質資源可用性的手段。本文根據聲學生態位假說，從群落融合和種間通信網絡的永久建立的角度討論了鳥類群落在繁殖季節產生的多方面聲學模式的意義。此外，還分析和討論了鳥類聲景的空間和時間維度與環境代表的關系。提出了一種新的聲學復雜性指數（ACI），結合特定聲音編輯器（WaveSurfer）的實現（ACI插件），作為有效處理聲音數據的一種方式，從而為使用鳥類聲景特征進行景觀表征和描述長期監測方案的生態動態提供了新的機會。
關鍵詞：Songscape聲學分析軟件，Wildlife Acoustics，野生動物聲學監測，聲學記錄器，被動式聲學記錄器
