標(biāo)題：SM4BAT-FS論文：渦輪機(jī)運(yùn)行的噪音暴露量化了商業(yè)風(fēng)能設(shè)施中蝙蝠的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
Abstract
Turbine‐related bat mortality at commercial wind energy facilities may threaten populations of
migratory tree‐roosting bat species in North America. Industry stakeholders and regulatory agencies alike are investigating strategies to reduce risk of population‐level consequences as the wind energy industry grows. Bats collide with turbines only when turbine rotors are spinning and curtailing turbine operation at low wind speeds can effectively reduce bat fatality rates. Nonetheless, few quantitative data exist to determine appropriate threshold wind speeds below which turbine operations should be curtailed. Carcass monitoring is labor‐intensive and does not provide information on factors linked to bat fatality rates on any scale finer than nightly. We tested whether acoustic bat data recorded at turbine nacelles could provide a more precise and sensitive measure of fatality risk to bats by analyzing acoustics, weather, turbine operation, and carcass data collected at 2 commercial wind energy facilities in West Virginia over 7 years. Each wind facility implemented several distinct curtailment treatments during our study, allowing us to compare fatality rates and acoustic bat activity across multiple operational strategies. We found that bat passes exposed to turbine operation explained close to 80% of the variation in carcass‐ based estimates of bat fatality rates and accounted for significant variation in raw carcass counts per turbine and probability of finding bat carcasses during individual turbine searches. Conversely, bat activity occurring when turbines were not operating had little or no relationship to fatality rates. We also found that patterns in bat activity exposure could be predicted accurately among turbines and years. Our results demonstrate that measuring exposure of acoustic bat activity provides a quantitative basis for designing, evaluating, and adaptively managing curtailment strategies. This is an important advance towards using curtailment to reduce bat fatality rates strategically while allowing for increased generation of renewable energy. ? 2021 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
KEY WORDS: acoustic monitoring, aerosphere, bat mortality, informed curtailment, West Virginia, wind energy.
摘要：
商業(yè)風(fēng)能設(shè)施中與渦輪機(jī)相關(guān)的蝙蝠死亡率可能會(huì)威脅到北美遷徙的樹(shù)棲蝙蝠種群。隨著風(fēng)能行業(yè)的發(fā)展，行業(yè)利益相關(guān)者和監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)都在研究降低人口層面后果風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的策略。蝙蝠只有在渦輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)才會(huì)與渦輪機(jī)碰撞，在低風(fēng)速下限制渦輪機(jī)運(yùn)行可以有效降低蝙蝠死亡率。盡管如此，很少有定量數(shù)據(jù)可以確定適當(dāng)?shù)拈撝碉L(fēng)速，低于該閾值風(fēng)速時(shí)，應(yīng)減少渦輪機(jī)的運(yùn)行。尸體監(jiān)測(cè)是勞動(dòng)密集型的，不能提供任何比夜間更精細(xì)的蝙蝠死亡率相關(guān)因素的信息。我們通過(guò)分析7年來(lái)在西弗吉尼亞州2個(gè)商業(yè)風(fēng)能設(shè)施收集的聲學(xué)、天氣、渦輪機(jī)運(yùn)行和尸體數(shù)據(jù)，測(cè)試了在渦輪機(jī)機(jī)艙記錄的蝙蝠聲學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)是否可以提供更精確和敏感的蝙蝠死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)測(cè)量。在我們的研究中，每個(gè)風(fēng)力發(fā)電設(shè)施都實(shí)施了幾種不同的棄風(fēng)處理，使我們能夠比較多種運(yùn)營(yíng)策略的死亡率和蝙蝠活動(dòng)。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，暴露在渦輪機(jī)運(yùn)行中的蝙蝠通行證解釋了基于尸體的蝙蝠死亡率估計(jì)值的近80%的變化，并解釋了每個(gè)渦輪機(jī)的原始尸體數(shù)量和在單個(gè)渦輪機(jī)搜索中發(fā)現(xiàn)蝙蝠尸體的概率的顯著變化。相反，渦輪機(jī)不運(yùn)行時(shí)發(fā)生的蝙蝠活動(dòng)與死亡率幾乎沒(méi)有關(guān)系。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，蝙蝠活動(dòng)暴露的模式可以在渦輪機(jī)和年份之間準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)。我們的研究結(jié)果表明，測(cè)量蝙蝠活動(dòng)的聲暴露為設(shè)計(jì)、評(píng)估和自適應(yīng)管理削減策略提供了定量依據(jù)。這是利用棄風(fēng)策略降低蝙蝠死亡率的重要進(jìn)展，同時(shí)允許增加可再生能源的發(fā)電量。?2021作者。威利期刊有限責(zé)任公司代表野生動(dòng)物學(xué)會(huì)出版的《野生動(dòng)物學(xué)會(huì)公報(bào)》。
關(guān)鍵詞：Wildlife Acoustics，SM4BAT-FS，聲學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)、大氣層、蝙蝠死亡率、知情削減、蝙蝠聲學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)記錄，野外動(dòng)物聲學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)
