SM3自主記錄儀在長臂猿監測中的應用
Abstract
Population monitoring is very important in wildlife management and conservation. All 18 species of gibbons are considered threatened with extinction and listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Thus, understanding and effectively monitoring their population trends and distribution are critical. Thus far, all gibbon surveying and monitoring programs have been conducted by human surveyors; this is expensive, laborious, and dependent on the surveyors’skills. In particular, estimating group density often requires a large sample size with several skilled observers working simultaneously in the field. We used autonomous recorders to record the calls of southern yellow-cheeked crested gibbon (Nomascus gabbrielae) for at least 3 days at each of 57 posts in Nam Cat Tien sector, Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam from July to October, 2016. We extracted gibbon calls from the recordings auditorily or visually using spectrograms in RAVEN software. We detected gibbon calls at 40 recording posts during the survey. The proportion of recorders with gibbon calls in the eastern region of Nam Cat Tien sector (mean = 0.79; SE = 0.13) was higher than that in the western region (mean = 0.46; SE = 0.11). The estimated probability of occurrence in the eastern region (ψ = 0.56; SE = 0.20) was higher than that in the western region (ψ = 0.23; SE = 0.16). Passive acoustic data were useful to investigate spatial variation in the probability of occurrence of gibbon. We recommend using autonomous recorders combined with occupancy model to complement human surveyors in gibbon monitoring in areas with low gibbon density because it is efficient, low cost, and not subject to errors caused by human surveyors. In the areas of high gibbon density, absolute density estimate achieved by human surveyors might be a more suitable indicator.
摘要：
種群監測在野生動物管理和保護中非常重要。所有18種長臂猿都被認為瀕臨滅絕，并被列入國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄。因此，了解和有效監測其人口趨勢和分布至關重要。到目前為止，所有長臂猿的測量和監測項目都是由人類測量員進行的；這既昂貴又費力，而且取決于測量員的技能。特別是，估計群體密度通常需要幾個熟練的觀察者在現場同時工作的大樣本量。2016年7月至10月，我們使用自主記錄儀在越南Cat Tien國家公園Nam Cat Tien區的57個哨所分別記錄了南黃頰冠長臂猿（Nomascus gabbrielae）至少3天的叫聲。我們使用RAVEN軟件中的頻譜圖從錄音中聽覺或視覺提取長臂猿叫聲。在調查期間，我們在40個錄音站發現了長臂猿的叫聲。Nam Cat Tien區東部地區長臂猿叫聲記錄者的比例（平均=0.79；SE=0.13）高于西部地區（平均=0.46；SE=0.11）。東部地區的估計發生概率（ψ=0.56；SE=0.20）高于西部地區（ψ=0.23；SE=0.16）。被動聲學數據有助于研究長臂猿發生概率的空間變化。我們建議在長臂猿密度較低的地區使用自主記錄儀結合占用模型來補充人工測量員對長臂猿的監測，因為它高效、成本低，不受人工測量員造成的誤差的影響。在長臂猿密度較高的地區，人類測量員獲得的絕對密度估計可能是一個更合適的指標。
關鍵詞：生物聲學，SM3聲學記錄儀，野生動物監測，黑冠長臂猿，Nomascus，占據模式，靈長類動物。
